Installation

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   rxtx is a native interface to serial ports in Java.
|   Copyright 1997-2004 by Trent Jarvi taj@www.linux.org.uk
|
|   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
|   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
|   version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
|
|   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
|   Library General Public License for more details.
|
|   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
|   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
|   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

This is the INSTALL file for RXTX. Thu Jul 7 19:46:26 EDT 2005

If, while following the instructions, you find this file unclear or incorrect please make a note and email the details to taj@www.linux.org.uk.

A note about rxtx 2.1:

rxtx 2.1 replaces the entire CommAPI. Every effort is made to conform to CommAPI but out of respect for our friends at Sun the package name of 2.1 has been moved to gnu.io. A script is offered in contrib/ChangePackage.sh that will switch source tree's between javax.comm and gnu.io.

See Sun's CommAPI license for more details on why this decision was made.

If you would like to use javax.comm, use rxtx 1.4 with Sun's CommAPI. </code>

A note on Mac OS X:

Go to the MacOSX file for install instructions.

			/usr/local/java/jre/lib/ext/RXTXcomm.jar
			/usr/local/java/jre/lib/$(ARCH)/librxtxSerial.so.
			     /usr/local/java/jre/lib/$(ARCH)/librxtxParallel.so.
			/usr/local/java/jre/lib/$(ARCH)/lib/...

		jdk-1.1.* the files go in 

			/usr/local/java/lib/RXTXcomm.jar
			/usr/lib/librxtxSerial.so.
			/usr/lib/librxtxParallel.so.
			/usr/lib/...

			The librxtxSerial.so librxtxParallel.so are placed in 
			/usr/lib so people don't have to change with their 
			LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

Compiling for Win32 support

Get the Sun CommAPI if you want a plug-in solution. The code is provided for people that may have demanding needs and coding ability.

There is only serial port code at this time.

Three ways of compiling win32 libraries are offered:

mingw32 tools in DOS lcc tools in DOS cross-compiling from Linux

mingw32 tools in DOS

Install mingw32 http://www.mingw.org Install a jdk http://java.sun.com/j2se Make sure the ming32\bin and jdk\bin directories are in your path. In the rxtx top directory to the following: mkdir build copy Makefile.mingw32 build\Makefile cd build edit the Makefile and make sure the directories are correct. execute the following: make make install

lcc tools in DOS

Install a jdk http://java.sun.com/j2se Install lcc http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~lcc-win32/

A make file (Makefile.lcc) for compiling rxtx with lcc contributed by Valentin Pavlov

You will need a config.h file in the src directory. Other builds usually generate them automatically. The following should work.

#define HAVE_FCNTL_H #define HAVE_SIGNAL_H #undef HAVE_SYS_FCNTL_H #undef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H #undef HAVE_SYS_SIGNAL_H #undef HAVE_TERMIOS_H #undef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H

if you know how to create the above in a dos Makefile send in the changes.

the following commands should then work fine on the command line.

cd src make -f ..\Makefile.lcc

cross-compiling from Linux

Grab ming32:

Wayne Roberts contributed the version used by the maintainer. (Wayne is largely responsible for bringing rxtx back to win32.) http://www.linuxgrrls.org/~taj/crossmingw32-2.95-1.i386.rpm A more current version can be obtained: http://www.devolution.com/~slouken/SDL/Xmingw32/crossgcc/index.html prebuilt Binaries: http://www.devolution.com/~slouken/SDL/Xmingw32/mingw32-linux-x86-glibc-2.1.tar.gz

I built the dll with jdk-1.2.2 for linux using jdk-1.2.2 include files from the win32 JDK.

Make sure that ming32 bin dir is the first in your path (at least before /usr/bin/gcc)

$ export PATH=" \ /usr/local/cross-tools/i386-mingw32/bin/: \ $PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/java/bin: \ /usr/local/java/jre/bin/:"

Place Sun jdk 1.2.2 win32 include files in a known location.

$ mkdir /home/jarvi/win32java $ cp -r /mnt/win98//java/include /home/jarvi/win32java

If you are developing win32 support you may want to export the location to make the config script non interactive

$ export WIN32INCLUDE=/home/jarvi/tools/win32-include

run configure to generate a Makefile

$ cd /home/jarvi/rxtx-* $ mkdir build $ cd build $ ../configure --target=i386-mingw32 \ --host=i386-redhat-linux

build the class files and dll.

$ make

the files will be located in

rxtx-*/build/...

If you're looking at rxtx as an example of cross-compiling you may be interested in looking at the examples provided at:

ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu /pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/misc/java-jni-examples.zip

COMMON PROBLEMS

I get java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: nSetOwner while loading driver gnu.io.RXTXCommDriver when using rxtx.

SetOwner appears to be some win32 call. Do not use Sun's win32 CommAPI files. Get the Solaris version. "javacomm20-x86.tar.Z" and rxtx-1.4 if you want Sun's solution.

See Also: 2-B. Installing Sun's comm.jar (IE its not needed at all)

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no rxtxSerial in java.library.path

librxtxSerial.so is located in the wrong directory. Here is an example

	$ mv /usr/local/java/jre/lib/i386/librxtxSerial* /usr/local/lib
	$ java BlackBox
	Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no rxtxSerial
	in java.library.path
		at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Compiled Code)
		at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Compiled Code)
		at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Compiled Code)
		at gnu.io.NativePort.<clinit>(NativePort.java:32)
		at gnu.io.RXTXPort.<init>(Compiled Code)
		at gnu.io.RXTXCommDriver.getCommPort(Compiled Code)
		at gnu.io.CommPortIdentifier.open(Compiled Code)
		at SerialPortDisplay.openBBPort(Compiled Code)
		at SerialPortDisplay.<init>(Compiled Code)
		at BlackBox.addPort(Compiled Code)
		at BlackBox.main(Compiled Code)

		... lets fix it.

Solution 1: move the file to a place that works

        $ mv /usr/local/lib/librxtxSerial.* /usr/local/java/jre/lib/i386/

Solution 2: add the location of librxtxSerial to LD_LIBRARY_PATH

        $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/

Solution 3: pass the location in on the command line

        $ java -Djava.library.path=/usr/local/lib/ ...

I Can Not Open the Port.

If you're not able to open the port (read the errors carefully) then you may not have permission to use the device.

In particular, Red Hat Linux ships with the following permissions on the /dev/ttyS* device files:

       crw-rw----  1 root uucp /dev/ttyS*

Which means that generally, users do not have read or write access to the serial device.

You could increase the device files' access permissions. Log in as root, then run:

       chmod o+rw /dev/ttyS*

Now everyone can read and write the serial devices:

       crw-rw-rw-  1 root uucp /dev/ttyS*

However, this is probably not the ideal situation. At the next reboot, the permissions may have been reset. You may want to have only some users access the device.

Another way of proceeding is to add the user that wants to access /dev/ttyS* to the "uucp" group as (as can be seen above) group "uucp" has read/write access to the file.

This is done with the command "usermod" or by directly editing "/etc/group" with "vigr".

       usermod -G uucp <user-that-wants-access>

Be sure to check the file "CommAPI" for common mistakes.

Also make sure that the user can create lock files. See Lockfiles.

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gnu/io/CommPort

RXTXcomm.jar is probably not in your classpath or not located in the proper directory.

for example, lets not include RXTXcomm.jar

export CLASSPATH=../java/lib/classes.zip $ java BlackBoxException in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gnu/io/CommPort

The Compiler Cannot Find Java Include Files

Check to top of the Makefile to make sure we agree on the location of the include files that came with the jdk. Specifically:

JAVAINCLUDE = -I /usr/local/java/include/ JAVANATINC = -I /usr/local/java/include/genunix also check the classpath CLASSPATH = ...

Configure says 'unterminated sed command' and stops

Unterminated sed command errors usually result from `find` producing unexpected results. If you are unsure remove all comm.jar and configure to place in in the correct place.

Java Can Not Find libstdc++-libc6.0-1.so.2

jdk-1.2 on redhat systems may note that Java complains about not being able to find libstdc++-libc6.0-1.so.2. A symbolic link can be used to get around this feature.

ln -s /usr/lib/libstdc++ /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.0-1.so.2 ls -l /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.0-1.so.2

	/usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.0-1.so.2 -> libstdc++.so.2.8.0

BlackBox Can Not Handle all the ports!

BlackBox has a hard coded limit in BlackBox.java that prevents it from running if you don't specify a port. We are considering alternative ways of handling the large number of port names in Unix. The line in question

is:

portDisp = new SerialPortDisplay[50];

just change 50 to say 256.

Illegal use of nonvirtal function call!

	Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: (class: 
	gnu/io/RXTXPort$SerialOutputStream, method: flush signature: ()V) 
	Illegal use of nonvirtual function call
		at gnu.io.RXTXCommDriver.getCommPort(Compiled Code)
		at gnu.io.CommPortIdentifier.open(Compiled Code)
		at SerialPortDisplay.openBBPort(Compiled Code)
		at SerialPortDisplay.<init>(Compiled Code)
		at BlackBox.addPort(Compiled Code)
		at BlackBox.main(Compiled Code)

"1.1 compilers sometimes generate code that won't verify under 1.2.

If you don't have the sources for the offending class to recompile with a 1.2 javac, the only solution I know of is to launch the VM with the -noverify option.

Louis"

In other words start with a fresh build directory, rebuild, and reinstall to avoid the problem.

My libc5 Linux system is generating SIGSEGV

Older Linux Systems (libc5) should upgrade to a glibc system with libpthread-0.7 or newer. We have run into many problems with older libraries. SIGSEGV was the most common symptom. Reported by Peter Bennett <bencom at bencom.co.nz>

AM_PROG_LIBTOOL not found in library

cd. && aclocal aclocal:configure.in: 23: macro 'AM_PROG_LIBTOOL' not found in library make:***[aclocal.m4]Error 1

If you're positive things are setup right you may try the autogen.sh script to try regenerating the scripts with your tools.

Problems with RMISecurityManager()

Please see the file RMISecurityManager.html

Which Wires Should be Connected

With the DB25 use 2 (TX), 3 (RX) and 7 (GD) to connect to the device. With the DB9 use 2 (RX), 3 (TX) and 5 (GD) to connect to the device.

You will need to hook up more than that for hardware flow control.

Which Device Should be Used?

Linux serial ports should use /dev/ttyS? specialx, cyclades and isdn4 linux have been reported to work. as many as 64 ports have worked at one time.

       FreeBSD uses cuaa?

netbsd uses tty0? Irix uses ttyd? ttym? ttyf? HP-UX uses tty0p? tty1p? BeOS uses /dev/ports/serial? Win32 uses COM?

It Did Not Work!

There are sure to be bugs. The goal is to make the install as painless as possible. Send back comments if something could be easier.

If you run into a problem building the rxtx package please include the output generated by the following script.

        ---------------clip-----------------
#!/bin/sh
which java
java -version
uname -a
autoconf --version
automake --version
libtool --version
make --version
        ---------------clip-----------------

Here's what's on my system for comparison. Older make is known to cause problems.

java 1.4 autoconf-2.53 automake-1.6.3 libtool-1.4.2 gnu make-3.79.1

mail any bugs to taj@www.linux.org.uk.

Which jdk should be used?

This is dated.

Ideally any jdk would be fine. Here is a list of jdk's tried on RedHat 6.0/kernel 2.2.17pre13 with various versions of glibc.

                 Sun            IBM           Blackdown
                 2.1.2_006      1.3.0         1.1.8v1
                 green  native  green native  green native
                 ------------------------------------------
glibc-2.1.1-6   | OK   | *1   | *2   | *2   | OK   | *3   |
                -------------------------------------------
glibc-2.1.2-11  | OK   | *1   | OK   | OK   | OK   | OK   |
                -------------------------------------------
glibc-2.1.2-17  | OK   | *1   | OK   | OK   | OK   | OK   |
                -------------------------------------------
glibc-2.1.3-15  | OK   | *1   | OK   | OK   | OK   | OK   |
                -------------------------------------------

1) BlackBox (a demo application shipped with CommAPI locks after multiple open()/close()

2) java wont start "Unable to load /usr/local/java/jre/bin/libhpi.so: symbol sem_wait, version GLIBC_2.1 not defined in file libpthread.so.0 with link time reference Could not create the Java virtual machine."

3) java wont start "error in loading shared libraries: /usr/local/java/bin/../lib/i686/native_threads/libjava.so: symbol sem_init, version GLIBC_2.1 not defined in file libpthread.so.0 with link time reference"

Conclusion? Avoid Sun's native threads unless you can figure out whats going wrong. (this is dated)

How does rxtx detect ports? Can I override it?

rxtx tries to detect ports on by scanning /dev for files matching any of a set of known-good prefixes, such as 'ttyS', 'ttym', and so on. Any ones that exist, are supposed to be good for the current operating system, and that can be read and written are offered back from CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers(), and only these can be used as ports.

If you wish, you can set the system properties gnu.io.rxtx.SerialPorts and gnu.io.rxtx.ParallelPorts. If either of these is set, then no scanning will be carried out and only the specified ports will be available. You can use this to make one platform look like another, to restrict Java access to ports, or possibly for other reasons. For example

java -Dgnu.io.rxtx.SerialPorts=/dev/cua/a:/dev/cua/b com.foo.MyApp

will look kind of like Solaris, if you have created the appropriate device nodes.

A note on Linux port enumeration. We have set most ports aside. Once the number of possible devices started getting into the thousands, checking them all made little sense. Look in RXTXCommDriver.java and search for Linux.

You will see that only /dev/ttyS* is searched but the possible addition ports that can be used are listed under it. Just copy the few you need.

How can I use Lock Files with rxtx?

RXTX uses lock files by default. Lock files are used to prevent more than one program accessing a port at a time. Lock files may require a bit of sysadmin to work properly.

If you do not want to use lockfiles in RXTX, run 'configure' with option '--disable-lockfiles'. It is however strongly recommended that you do use lock files to prevent RXTX from stomping on other programs that might use the serial ports concurrently.

(Don't know if the following is still current. Trent?)

RXTX has support for lock files on Linux only. It may work on other platforms but read the source before blindly trying it.

The lock file code does not support kermit style lock files or lock files in '/var/spool'. It is sure to fail if you're using subdirectories in '/dev' or do not have '/dev'.

Before you use lock files you need to do one of two things:

Be user 'root' or user 'uucp' on your machine whenever you use RXTX .. or ..
Add the specific user that needs to use RXTX to the group 'uucp' (preferred)

(On Red Hat, use group 'lock' in addition to 'uucp', see further below.)

To add a user to the 'uucp' group edit '/etc/group' as 'root' (using 'vigr' or your preferred editor) and change the following:

  uucp::14:uucp

to something like:

  uucp::14:uucp,jarvi

It may be simpler to just run

  usermod -G uucp jarvi

which does exactly the same.

In this case 'jarvi' is the login name for the user that needs to use lock files. Do not change the number (14). Whatever is in your group file is correct. (On Red Hat, do this also for group 'lock')

User 'jarvi' in this case can now use RXTX with lock files.

Red Hat users

In Red Hat, lock files are supposed to be handled by group 'lock' instead of group 'uucp'.

Why: from Red Hat 7.2 upwards. the directory into which lock files are written, '/var/lock', can only be written to by members of group 'lock'. On the other hand, the serial device files are owned by group 'uucp' and are not world-writeable by default.

Thus any user (which may or may not actually be using uucp ... do people still know what that was?) that accesses the serial device files must belong to group 'lock' (to create lockfiles) and to group 'uucp' (to access the device files proper). See also

Mandrake users

'/var/lock' needs to be owned by group 'uucp'.

Mac OS X users

You may need to create the lock directory with group 'uucp' ownership. There is a script in 'contrib' called 'fixperm.sh' to help with this on Mac OS X.

Lock File server

As another option it is possible to use a Lock File Server. In this case, a server runs in group 'uucp' or 'lock' and rxtx then connects to localhost to lock and unlock the port. The server and install instructions can be found in 'src/lfd'. RXTX will need to be configured to use the server:

    configure --enable-lockfile_server

Any user can then lock the ports if they are not already locked.

Arcana

Still cant get things to run under a root account?

Vadim Tkachenko writes:

"Maybe you remember - couple of months back I've run into inability to run the JDK 1.3+ from under root account.

Today, absolutely suddenly, something clicked in my head and the cause was found: libsafe. To make JDK work, it is enough to disable libsafe (unset LD_PRELOAD)."

How can I tell which version of rxtx is installed?

Version information is not documented in Sun's CommAPI so this is probably unique to RXTX.

As of rxtx-1.5-4 and rxtx-1.4-6 a class has been added to allow developers to check which version of rxtx is installed. The class is RXTXVersion.

The static method: System.out.println(RXTXVersion.getVersion());

will print the rxtx version as a String in the following format:

       "RXTX-MAJOR.MINOR-PATCH".

an example would be:

       "RXTX-1.5-4"

A change in the MAJOR version would suggest you're in trouble.

Odd MINOR version are reserved for development. Even MINOR versions are reserved for 'stable' releases.

PATCH is used to differentiate incremental releases of the MINOR releases.

CommPortIdentifier is expected to support getVersion() in the RXTX-1.5 series.

What Type of Latency can I expect with RXTX

frantz <fcapiez at club-internet.fr> put RXTX under a scope and found the following:

RXTX currently has a latency of 150-200ms on a PII at 450mhz. The latency can be reduced to 70-80ms by reducing the usleep() value in SerialImp.c:eventLoop() to usleep(5000)).

Much lower latencies should be possible but the maintainer does not have equipment to test changes.

He is going to look at this further. He needs 20 ms or less latency.

I got rxtx working on a new OS but I can't read from the port

> Now my java program starts up nicely without complaining. However, it does
> never read any data from the serial port. It looks like it can write data,
> because if I start a terminal program after I tried to run my program, I get
> all the return stuff from the modem that my program wrote.
> 
> I hacked around abit and found out that it hangs in the select() call which
> simply never returns.
> 
On Sun, 28 Jan 2001, Baldur Norddahl wrote:
> HPUX 11:
> 
> As I wrote to the mailinglist I had some wierd problems where it apparently
> could write data to the modem, but not read anything back. My terminal
> programs had no problem using the port. A few days after I reported the
> problem to the mailinglist, I had given up for now, but then I noticed that
> it suddenly worked! So it remains a mystery what was wrong as I did not
> change anything at all, neither in my program nor on the host.
> 
> Baldur
>

I suspect two java applications had the port open. Its easy to do while developing. Perhaps <ctl> z instead of <ctl> c was entered.

This is the reason for adding lockfile support to rxtx. If another application has opened the port, a second application will appear to not be able to read or get only part of the data. ..because the first one is reading. Only one of the select()s are waken.

Its possible to put lockfile support in for HPUX if it is known where other applications place their lockfiles. The easiest way to find out where is to fire up minicom, kermit, ... and see where its lockfile is placed.

Here are the known suspects:

const char *lockdirs[]={ "/etc/locks", "/usr/spool/kermit",

               "/usr/spool/locks", "/usr/spool/uucp", "/usr/spool/uucp/",
               "/usr/spool/uucp/LCK", "/var/lock", "/var/lock/modem",
               "/var/spool/lock", "/var/spool/locks", "/var/spool/uucp",NULL
       };

freebsd uses /var/spool/uucp/, linux uses /var/lock those are the only two I've done so far. Adding the support is trivial once a directory is decided upon.

Lockfiles are rather simple. when an application opens a port it first checks if there is a file with the ports name. If there is it grabs the PID from the file. If that PID is still active the application does not open the port.

If the PID is not active or there is no lockfile, the application creates one with its own PID in it.

The confusion starts when you have to decide where (see above) to put the lockfile, what the name format is for the file and how to store the PID.

rxtx follows The File System Hierarchy Standard http://www.pathname.com/fhs/ on linux. I'm not positive what is normal on other OS's.

               more reading:

               The File System Hierarchy Standard
               http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

               FSSTND
               ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/

               Proposed Changes to the File System Hierarchy Standard
               ftp://scicom.alphacdc.com/pub/linux/devlock-0.X.tgz

               "UNIX Network Programming", W. Richard Stevens,
               Prentice-Hall, 1990, pages 96-101.
               more reading:

My ThinkPad is Not Working!

Scott Burleigh <Scott.Burleigh at jpl.nasa.gov> writes:

For your files, and in case anybody asks in the future, IBM Thinkpads ship with the external serial port *disabled* by default. The Thinkpad configuration utility supplied with the machine (under Windows) says it's enabled, and the device manager in the System dialog of the Control panel says it's enabled, but they lie. In order to enable the port you have to use the old DOS ps2.exe bios configuration utility which, under Windows 2000, is in c:\Program Files\Thinkpad\utilities:

ps2 sera enable

Until you do, "setserial -ga /dev/ttyS0" will always tell you the UART is unknown.

APPLETS

More info is needed on signing applets. This is an exchange from the rxtx mail- list.

Using Applets

prashantg10 at yahoo.com asked:

Hi All !

I am trying to use applet on thin terminal which has Linux base Kernel.For testing I am using Linux machine.I have install all the required components. e.g. JDK, RXTX. Everthing is fine. BlackBox runs ,even my application runs. When It comes to applet, everything is halts. It does not even show the listing of ports. Is it because applet can't run under root account or what might be the reasons. Can anybody tell me solution.

Son To <son@openbx.net> replied:

Java applets run withing the sandbox of the security manager. Applets must be signed to access the com port, but for development purposes you can put

user_pref("signed.applets.codebase_principal_support", true);

in your prefs.js located in ~/.mozilla/default/XYYrandomDirName

I didn't use Java applet for my application. I used XUL and CSS for the GUI development and used mozilla Javascript SOAP library to communicate with apache Axis webservice backend which uses RXTX to access the com port.

-- Trent Jarvi taj@www.linux.org.uk

You made it this far.. what is one more line.

Sun, Solaris and Java are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

reminder:

redhat 7.1 needs: export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5

Installation

From Rxtx

Contents

INSTALL INSTRUCTIONS IN OTHER LANGUAGES

A. Japanese

BUILDING COMMAPI SUPPORT

Quick Install

Uninstalling Sun's comm.jar

Installing javax.comm.properties.

Add RXTXcomm.jar to your CLASSPATH.

Build and Install the jar.

Where did everything end up?